Parasite That Makes You Never Eat Meat Again

Mammals of the family unit Leporidae

Rabbit Temporal range: Late Eocene–Holocene, 53–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O Due south D C P T J K Pg N
European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Course:	Mammalia
Gild:	Lagomorpha
Family:	Leporidae
Included genera
Pentalagus Bunolagus Nesolagus Romerolagus Brachylagus Sylvilagus Oryctolagus Poelagus

Rabbits, also known as bunnies or bunny rabbits, are modest mammals in the family Leporidae (which also contains the hares) of the order Lagomorpha (which also contains the pikas). Oryctolagus cuniculus includes the European rabbit species and its descendants, the earth's 305 breeds^[1] of domestic rabbit. Sylvilagus includes 13 wild rabbit species, among them the 7 types of cottontail. The European rabbit, which has been introduced on every continent except Antarctica, is familiar throughout the world equally a wild prey animal and as a domesticated form of livestock and pet. With its widespread effect on ecologies and cultures, the rabbit is, in many areas of the world, a part of daily life—as food, article of clothing, a companion, and a source of artistic inspiration.

Although once considered rodents, lagomorphs similar rabbits have been discovered to take diverged separately and earlier than their rodent cousins and have a number of traits rodents lack, like two extra incisors.

Terminology and etymology

Male rabbits are chosen bucks; females are called does. An older term for an adult rabbit used until the 18th century is coney (derived ultimately from the Latin cuniculus ), while rabbit once referred simply to the immature animals.^[ii] Another term for a immature rabbit is bunny, though this term is often applied informally (particularly by children) to rabbits generally, specially domestic ones. More than recently, the term kit or kitten has been used to refer to a young rabbit.

A group of rabbits is known as a colony or nest (or, occasionally, a warren, though this more normally refers to where the rabbits alive).^[three] A group of babe rabbits produced from a single mating is referred to as a litter ^[iv] and a group of domestic rabbits living together is sometimes called a herd.^[v]

The word rabbit itself derives from the Middle English rabet , a borrowing from the Walloon robète , which was a atomic of the French or Center Dutch robbe .^[6]

Taxonomy

Rabbits and hares were formerly classified in the order Rodentia (rodent) until 1912, when they were moved into a new order, Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas). Below are some of the genera and species of the rabbit.

• 

  Brachylagus idahoensis

  Pygmy rabbit

• 

  Nesolagus netscheri

  Sumatran Striped Rabbit

  (Model)

• 

  Oryctolagus cuniculus

  European rabbit

  (Feral Tasmanian specimen)

• 

  Pentalagus furnessi

  Amami rabbit

  (Taxidermy specimen)

• 

  Romerolagus diazi

  Volcano rabbit

  (Taxidermy specimen)

• 

  Sylvilagus aquaticus

  Swamp rabbit

  (Juvenile)

• 

  Sylvilagus audubonii

  Desert cottontail

• 

  Sylvilagus bachmani

  Brush rabbit

• 

  Sylvilagus brasiliensis

  Tapeti

  (Taxidermy specimen)

• 

  Sylvilagus floridanus

  Eastern cottontail

• Club Lagomorpha
  • Family Leporidae (in part)
• Genus Brachylagus
  • Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis
• Genus Bunolagus
  • Bushman rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis
• Genus Lepus ^[a]
• Genus Nesolagus
  • Sumatran striped rabbit, Nesolagus netscheri
  • Annamite striped rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi
• Genus Oryctolagus
  • European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
• Genus Pentalagus
  • Amami rabbit/Ryūkyū rabbit, Pentalagus furnessi
• Genus Poelagus
  • Central African Rabbit, Poelagus marjorita
• Genus Romerolagus
  • Volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi
• Genus Sylvilagus
  • Swamp rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus
  • Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii
  • Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani
  • Forest rabbit, Sylvilagus brasiliensis
  • Mexican cottontail, Sylvilagus cunicularis
  • Dice'south cottontail, Sylvilagus dicei
  • Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus
  • Tres Marias rabbit, Sylvilagus graysoni
  • Omilteme cottontail, Sylvilagus insonus
  • San Jose castor rabbit, Sylvilagus mansuetus
  • Mount cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii
  • Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris
  • New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis

Hare

Johann Daniel Meyer (1748)

Rabbit

Johann Daniel Meyer (1748)

Differences from hares

Main article: Hare

The term "rabbit" is typically used for all Leporidae species excluding the genus Lepus. Members of that genus are instead known every bit hares or jackrabbits.

Lepus species are typically precocial, born relatively mature and mobile with pilus and good vision, while other rabbit species are altricial, born hairless and blind, and requiring closer care. Hares alive a relatively alone life in a simple nest above the ground, while nigh other rabbits live in social groups in burrows or warrens. Hares are generally larger than other rabbits, with ears that are more elongated, and with hind legs that are larger and longer. Descendants of the European rabbit are commonly bred equally livestock and kept as pets, whereas no hares have been domesticated - the brood called the Belgian hare is a domestic rabbit which has been selectively bred to resemble a hare.

Domestication

Rabbits have long been domesticated. Starting time in the Center Ages, the European rabbit has been widely kept every bit livestock, starting in ancient Rome. Selective breeding has generated a wide variety of rabbit breeds, of which many (since the early on 19th century) are as well kept as pets. Some strains of rabbit have been bred specifically as inquiry subjects.

As livestock, rabbits are bred for their meat and fur. The primeval breeds were important sources of meat, and so became larger than wild rabbits, just domestic rabbits in modern times range in size from dwarf to giant. Rabbit fur, prized for its softness, tin be found in a broad range of coat colors and patterns, besides as lengths. The Angora rabbit brood, for example, was developed for its long, silky fur, which is frequently hand-spun into yarn. Other domestic rabbit breeds accept been developed primarily for the commercial fur trade, including the Rex, which has a short plush coat.

Biology

Evolution

Development of the rabbit heart

(wax models)

Because the rabbit's epiglottis is engaged over the soft palate except when swallowing, the rabbit is an obligate nasal breather. Rabbits have two sets of incisor teeth, one behind the other. This way they tin can exist distinguished from rodents, with which they are often confused.^[7] Carl Linnaeus originally grouped rabbits and rodents under the class Glires; later, they were separated as the scientific consensus is that many of their similarities were a result of convergent evolution. Recent Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis and the discovery of a mutual ancestor has supported the view that they share a common lineage, and so rabbits and rodents are at present ofttimes grouped together in the superorder Glires.^[8]

Morphology

Since speed and agility are a rabbit's main defenses against predators (including the swift trick), rabbits have big hind leg bones and well developed musculature. Though plantigrade at residue, rabbits are on their toes while running, assuming a more digitigrade posture. Rabbits utilise their strong claws for digging and (along with their teeth) for defense force.^[nine] Each front pes has four toes plus a dewclaw. Each hind foot has four toes (simply no dewclaw).^[10]

Melanistic coloring

Oryctologus cuniculusEuropean rabbit (wild)

About wild rabbits (especially compared to hares) have relatively full, egg-shaped bodies. The soft coat of the wild rabbit is agouti in coloration (or, rarely, melanistic), which aids in camouflage. The tail of the rabbit (with the exception of the cottontail species) is nighttime on superlative and white below. Cottontails accept white on the top of their tails.^[xi]

As a result of the position of the eyes in its skull, the rabbit has a field of vision that encompasses almost 360 degrees, with just a pocket-sized bullheaded spot at the bridge of the nose.^[12]

Hind limb elements

This image comes from a specimen in the Pacific Lutheran University natural history collection. It displays all of the skeletal articulations of rabbit's hind limbs.

The anatomy of rabbits' hind limbs are structurally similar to that of other country mammals and contribute to their specialized form of locomotion. The bones of the hind limbs consist of long basic (the femur, tibia, fibula, and phalanges) as well every bit brusque bones (the tarsals). These bones are created through endochondral ossification during development. Like most land mammals, the round caput of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the bone coxae. The femur articulates with the tibia, but non the fibula, which is fused to the tibia. The tibia and fibula articulate with the tarsals of the human foot, commonly chosen the pes. The hind limbs of the rabbit are longer than the front limbs. This allows them to produce their hopping class of locomotion. Longer hind limbs are more capable of producing faster speeds. Hares, which take longer legs than cottontail rabbits, are able to move considerably faster.^[13] Rabbits stay just on their toes when moving; this is called Digitigrade locomotion. The hind feet take four long toes that allow for this and are webbed to prevent them from spreading when hopping.^[14] Rabbits practise not have hand pads on their feet similar most other animals that apply digitigrade locomotion. Instead, they have fibroid compressed hair that offers protection.^[15]

Musculature

The rabbits hind limb (lateral view) includes muscles involved in the quadriceps and hamstrings.

Rabbits have muscled hind legs that allow for maximum force, maneuverability, and acceleration that is divided into three chief parts; human foot, thigh, and leg. The hind limbs of a rabbit are an exaggerated characteristic. They are much longer than the forelimbs, providing more strength. Rabbits run on their toes to gain the optimal stride during locomotion. The strength put out by the hind limbs is contributed to both the structural beefcake of the fusion tibia and fibula, and muscular features.^[16] Bone formation and removal, from a cellular standpoint, is directly correlated to hind limb muscles. Activeness force per unit area from muscles creates force that is then distributed through the skeletal structures. Rabbits that generate less force, putting less stress on bones are more prone to osteoporosis due to os rarefaction.^[17] In rabbits, the more fibers in a musculus, the more resistant to fatigue. For case, hares have a greater resistance to fatigue than cottontails. The muscles of rabbit'south hind limbs can exist classified into four chief categories: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantar flexors. The quadriceps muscles are in charge of force production when jumping. Complementing these muscles are the hamstrings, which aid in brusque bursts of activeness. These muscles play off of 1 another in the same way as the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors, contributing to the generation and actions associated with forcefulness.^[xviii]

Ears

A Kingdom of the netherlands Lop resting with one ear up and one ear down. Some rabbits can adjust their ears to hear distant sounds.

Within the order lagomorphs, the ears are utilized to detect and avoid predators. In the family Leporidae, the ears are typically longer than they are wide. For example, in black tailed jack rabbits, their long ears cover a greater surface surface area relative to their body size that allow them to detect predators from far away. Contrasted to cotton tailed rabbits, their ears are smaller and shorter, requiring predators to be closer to detect them before they tin abscond. Development has favored rabbits having shorter ears so the larger expanse does not cause them to lose estrus in more temperate regions. The contrary can be seen in rabbits that live in hotter climates, mainly considering they possess longer ears that have a larger surface area that help with dispersion of heat as well as the theory that sound does not travel well in more arid air, opposed to cooler air. Therefore, longer ears are meant to aid the organism in detecting predators sooner rather than afterward in warmer temperatures.^{[xix] [ page needed ]} The rabbit is characterized by its shorter ears while hares are characterized past their longer ears.^{[20] [ page needed ]} Rabbits' ears are an important construction to assistance thermoregulation and detect predators due to how the outer, center, and inner ear muscles coordinate with 1 another. The ear muscles also help in maintaining balance and motion when fleeing predators.^[21]

Outer ear

The auricle, besides known as the pinna, is a rabbit's outer ear.^[22] The rabbit's pinnae correspond a fair part of the body surface expanse. It is theorized that the ears aid in dispersion of rut at temperatures to a higher place 30 °C with rabbits in warmer climates having longer pinnae due to this. Another theory is that the ears part every bit shock absorbers that could aid and stabilize rabbit'south vision when fleeing predators, but this has typically but been seen in hares.^{[23] [ page needed ]} The remainder of the outer ear has bent canals that lead to the eardrum or tympanic membrane.^[24]

Middle ear

The center ear is filled with three bones called ossicles and is separated past the outer eardrum in the dorsum of the rabbit'southward skull. The iii ossicles are called hammer, anvil, and stirrup and deed to subtract sound before information technology hits the inner ear. In general, the ossicles act as a barrier to the inner ear for audio energy.^[24]

Inner ear

Inner ear fluid called endolymph receives the sound free energy. After receiving the free energy, after inside the inner ear there are ii parts: the cochlea that utilizes sound waves from the ossicles and the vestibular appliance that manages the rabbit's position in regards to movement. Within the cochlea in that location is a basilar membrane that contains sensory hair structures utilized to transport nerve signals to the encephalon so it can recognize different sound frequencies. Within the vestibular apparatus the rabbit possesses 3 semicircular canals to help observe angular motion.^[24]

Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the procedure that an organism utilizes to maintain an optimal body temperature contained of external weather.^[25] This process is carried out by the pinnae, which takes upward most of the rabbit'due south body surface and incorporate a vascular network and arteriovenous shunts.^[26] In a rabbit, the optimal body temperature is around 38.five–xl℃.^[27] If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this optimal temperature, the rabbit must render to homeostasis. Homeostasis of torso temperature is maintained by the utilize of their large, highly vascularized ears that are able to change the corporeality of blood menstruation that passes through the ears.

Rabbits utilise their large vascularized ears, which assistance in thermoregulation, to go on their trunk temperature at an optimal level.

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are used to control the core torso temperature of a rabbit. If the core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature greatly, blood menses is constricted to limit the amount of blood going through the vessels. With this constriction, at that place is only a limited corporeality of blood that is passing through the ears where ambient heat would be able to rut the blood that is flowing through the ears and therefore, increasing the body temperature. Constriction is also used when the ambient temperature is much lower than that of the rabbit'due south core body temperature. When the ears are constricted it again limits blood flow through the ears to conserve the optimal body temperature of the rabbit. If the ambient temperature is either 15 degrees higher up or below the optimal body temperature, the blood vessels will amplify. With the claret vessels being enlarged, the blood is able to laissez passer through the large surface area, causing it to either heat or cool down.

During hot summers, the rabbit has the capability to stretch its pinnae, which allows for greater surface area and increase heat dissipation. In common cold winters, the rabbit does the contrary and folds its ears in order to decrease its surface expanse to the ambient air, which would subtract their body temperature.

Ventral view of dissected rabbit lungs with key structures labeled.

The jackrabbit has the largest ears inside the Oryctolagus cuniculus group. Their ears contribute to 17% of their total body surface surface area. Their large pinna were evolved to maintain homeostasis while in the extreme temperatures of the desert.

Respiratory organization

The rabbit's nasal cavity lies dorsal to the oral cavity, and the two compartments are separated by the hard and soft palate.^[28] The nasal crenel itself is separated into a left and right side by a cartilage barrier, and it is covered in fine hairs that trap dust before it tin enter the respiratory tract.^{[28] [29] [ page needed ]} As the rabbit breathes, air flows in through the nostrils along the alar folds. From there, the air moves into the nasal cavity, also known every bit the nasopharynx, down through the trachea, through the larynx, and into the lungs.^{[29] [ page needed ] [30]} The larynx functions equally the rabbit's vocalization box, which enables it to produce a wide variety of sounds.^{[29] [ page needed ]} The trachea is a long tube embedded with cartilaginous rings that prevent the tube from collapsing equally air moves in and out of the lungs. The trachea then splits into a left and right bronchus, which see the lungs at a structure called the hilum. From there, the bronchi dissever into progressively more than narrow and numerous branches. The bronchi branch into bronchioles, into respiratory bronchioles, and ultimately terminate at the alveolar ducts. The branching that is typically found in rabbit lungs is a clear instance of monopodial branching, in which smaller branches divide out laterally from a larger central co-operative.^[31]

The structure of the rabbit's nasal and oral cavities, necessitates breathing through the nose. This is due to the fact that the epiglottis is fixed to the backmost portion of the soft palate.^[30] Within the oral crenel, a layer of tissue sits over the opening of the glottis, which blocks airflow from the oral cavity to the trachea.^[28] The epiglottis functions to preclude the rabbit from aspirating on its food. Further, the presence of a soft and hard palate allow the rabbit to breathe through its nose while information technology feeds.^{[29] [ page needed ]}

Monopodial branching as seen in dissected rabbit lungs.

Rabbits lungs are divided into four lobes: the cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes. The right lung is made upwards of all four lobes, while the left lung only has two: the cranial and caudal lobes.^[31] In order to provide space for the heart, the left cranial lobe of the lungs is significantly smaller than that of the right.^[28] The diaphragm is a muscular construction that lies caudal to the lungs and contracts to facilitate respiration.^{[28] [thirty]}

Digestion

Rabbits are herbivores that feed by grazing on grass and other leafy plants. In effect, their diet contains large amounts of cellulose, which is hard to digest. Rabbits solve this problem via a form of hindgut fermentation. They pass two distinct types of feces: hard debris and soft blackness viscous pellets, the latter of which are known every bit caecotrophs or "night droppings" ^[32] and are immediately eaten (a behaviour known every bit coprophagy). Rabbits reingest their own debris (rather than chewing the cud as practice cows and numerous other herbivores) to digest their nutrient further and extract sufficient nutrients.^[33]

Rabbits graze heavily and apace for roughly the first half-60 minutes of a grazing period (usually in the late afternoon), followed by about one-half an hour of more than selective feeding.^{[ citation needed ]} In this time, the rabbit will as well excrete many hard fecal pellets, being waste pellets that volition non be reingested.^{[ citation needed ]} If the environs is relatively not-threatening, the rabbit will remain outdoors for many hours, grazing at intervals.^{[ citation needed ]} While out of the couch, the rabbit volition occasionally reingest its soft, partially digested pellets; this is rarely observed, since the pellets are reingested as they are produced.^{[ citation needed ]}

Video of a wild European rabbit with ears twitching and a jump

Hard pellets are made upward of hay-like fragments of plant cuticle and stalk, being the final waste material product after redigestion of soft pellets. These are just released outside the couch and are not reingested. Soft pellets are usually produced several hours afterward grazing, subsequently the hard pellets have all been excreted.^{[ citation needed ]} They are made up of micro-organisms and undigested plant cell walls.^{[ citation needed ]}

Rabbits are hindgut digesters. This means that about of their digestion takes place in their large intestine and cecum. In rabbits, the cecum is about ten times bigger than the breadbasket and it forth with the large intestine makes upward roughly twoscore% of the rabbit'due south digestive tract.^[34] The unique musculature of the cecum allows the intestinal tract of the rabbit to divide fibrous material from more digestible material; the gristly textile is passed equally feces, while the more nutritious material is encased in a mucous lining equally a cecotrope. Cecotropes, sometimes called "night feces", are loftier in minerals, vitamins and proteins that are necessary to the rabbit's health. Rabbits eat these to meet their nutritional requirements; the mucous coating allows the nutrients to pass through the acidic tummy for digestion in the intestines. This process allows rabbits to extract the necessary nutrients from their nutrient.^[35]

The chewed plant cloth collects in the large cecum, a secondary chamber between the large and small intestine containing big quantities of symbiotic bacteria that assistance with the digestion of cellulose and besides produce sure B vitamins. The pellets are about 56% bacteria past dry weight, largely accounting for the pellets being 24.4% poly peptide on average. The soft feces grade here and incorporate up to five times the vitamins of hard feces. After being excreted, they are eaten whole by the rabbit and redigested in a special part of the stomach. The pellets remain intact for upward to six hours in the stomach; the bacteria within proceed to assimilate the plant carbohydrates. This double-digestion process enables rabbits to use nutrients that they may accept missed during the outset passage through the gut, too as the nutrients formed by the microbial activity and thus ensures that maximum diet is derived from the food they eat.^[11] This procedure serves the same purpose in the rabbit as rumination does in cattle and sheep.^[36]

Dissected image of the male rabbit reproductive system with key structures labeled.

Because rabbits cannot vomit,^[37] if buildup occurs within the intestines (due often to a diet with insufficient fibre),^[38] intestinal blockage can occur.^[39]

Reproduction

Diagram of the male rabbit reproductive system with main components labeled.

The adult male reproductive system forms the aforementioned as nigh mammals with the seminiferous tubular compartment containing the Sertoli cells and an adluminal compartment that contains the Leydig cells.^[twoscore] The Leydig cells produce testosterone, which maintains libido^[xl] and creates secondary sex characteristics such equally the genital tubercle and penis. The Sertoli cells triggers the production of Anti-Müllerian duct hormone, which absorbs the Müllerian duct. In an adult male rabbit, the sheath of the penis is cylinder-similar and tin can exist extruded as early as 2 months of age.^[41] The scrotal sacs lay lateral to the penis and contain epididymal fat pads which protect the testes. Between 10 and 14 weeks, the testes descend and are able to retract into the pelvic cavity in guild to thermoregulate.^[41] Furthermore, the secondary sex characteristics, such equally the testes, are circuitous and secrete many compounds. These compounds includes fructose, citric acid, minerals, and a uniquely high amount of catalase.^[40]

Diagram of the female rabbit reproductive organization with main components labeled.

The developed female reproductive tract is bipartite, which prevents an embryo from translocating betwixt uteri.^[42] The two uterine horns communicate to 2 cervixes and forms one vaginal canal. Along with being bipartite, the female rabbit does not go through an oestrus bike, which causes mating induced ovulation.^[41]

The average female rabbit becomes sexually mature at three to eight months of age and can conceive at any time of the year for the duration of her life. Egg and sperm product can begin to decline after three years.^[forty] During mating, the male person rabbit will mount the female rabbit from behind and insert his penis into the female and make rapid pelvic hip thrusts. The encounter lasts only 20–40 seconds and later, the male will throw himself backwards off the female person.^[43]

The rabbit gestation catamenia is short and ranges from 28 to 36 days with an average period of 31 days. A longer gestation period will generally yield a smaller litter while shorter gestation periods volition give nativity to a larger litter. The size of a single litter can range from four to 12 kits allowing a female person to deliver up to sixty new kits a year. After birth, the female person can get meaning again every bit early as the next solar day.^[41]

The mortality rates of embryos are high in rabbits and can be due to infection, trauma, poor nutrition and environmental stress so a high fertility rate is necessary to counter this.^[41]

Sleep

Rabbits may appear to be crepuscular, simply their natural inclination is toward nocturnal activity.^[44] In 2011, the average sleep time of a rabbit in captivity was calculated at 8.4 hours per day.^[45] Every bit with other prey animals, rabbits often sleep with their optics open, so that sudden movements volition awaken the rabbit to respond to potential danger.^[46]

Diseases and immunity

In addition to being at risk of illness from common pathogens such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Escherichia coli, rabbits can contract the virulent, species-specific viruses RHD ("rabbit hemorrhagic disease", a form of calicivirus)^[47] or myxomatosis. Amidst the parasites that infect rabbits are tapeworms (such as Taenia serialis), external parasites (including fleas and mites), coccidia species, and Toxoplasma gondii.^{[48] [49]} Domesticated rabbits with a nutrition lacking in loftier fiber sources, such as hay and grass, are susceptible to potentially lethal gastrointestinal stasis.^[fifty] Rabbits and hares are almost never found to be infected with rabies and have not been known to transmit rabies to humans.^[51]

Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate intracellular parasite is also capable of infecting many mammals including rabbits.

Rabbit immunity has significantly diverged from other tetrapods in the manner it employs immunoglobulin light chains.^{[52] [53] [54] [55] [56]} In ane example McCartney-Francis et al., 1984 discover a unique additional disulfide bond betwixt Cys 80 in Vκ and Cys 171 in Cκ.^{[52] [53] [54] [55] [56]} They suggest that this may serve to stabilise rabbit antibodies.^{[52] [53] [54] [55] [56]} Meanwhile IGKC1 shows loftier amino acrid divergence between domesticated types and ferals derived from them.^[53] This can be as loftier equally 40%.^[53]

Environmental

Rabbit kits one hour subsequently nativity

Rabbits are casualty animals and are therefore constantly aware of their environment. For instance, in Mediterranean Europe, rabbits are the main prey of cherry foxes, badgers, and Iberian lynxes.^[57] If confronted past a potential threat, a rabbit may freeze and observe then warn others in the warren with powerful thumps on the ground. Rabbits have a remarkably wide field of vision, and a good deal of information technology is devoted to overhead scanning.^[58] They survive predation by burrowing, hopping away in a zig-zag motion, and, if captured, delivering powerful kicks with their hind legs. Their strong teeth allow them to eat and to bite in gild to escape a struggle.^[59] The longest-lived rabbit on record, a domesticated European rabbit living in Tasmania, died at historic period 18.^[sixty] The lifespan of wild rabbits is much shorter; the average longevity of an eastern cottontail, for instance, is less than 1 year.^[61]

Habitat and range

Rabbit habitats include meadows, woods, forests, grasslands, deserts and wetlands.^[62] Rabbits live in groups, and the best known species, the European rabbit, lives in burrows, or rabbit holes. A group of burrows is called a warren.^[62]

More than half the globe'southward rabbit population resides in N America.^[62] They are as well native to southwestern Europe, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan, and in parts of Africa and Southward America. They are not naturally constitute in most of Eurasia, where a number of species of hares are present. Rabbits commencement entered South America relatively recently, as function of the Great American Interchange. Much of the continent has but i species of rabbit, the tapeti, while about of South America'southward southern cone is without rabbits.

The European rabbit has been introduced to many places around the world.^[xi]

Domestic rabbit photographed at Alligator Bay, Beauvoir, France.

Rabbits accept been launched into infinite orbit.^[63]

Environmental problems

Impact of rabbit-proof fence, Cobar, New Southward Wales, 1905

Rabbits accept been a source of environmental problems when introduced into the wild by humans. As a consequence of their appetites, and the rate at which they breed, feral rabbit depredation can be problematic for agriculture. Gassing (fumigation of warrens),^[64] barriers (fences), shooting, snaring, and ferreting have been used to control rabbit populations, but the about effective measures are diseases such as myxomatosis (myxo or mixi, colloquially) and calicivirus. In Europe, where rabbits are farmed on a large scale, they are protected against myxomatosis and calicivirus with a genetically modified virus. The virus was developed in Spain, and is benign to rabbit farmers. If it were to make its way into wild populations in areas such as Australia, it could create a population blast, every bit those diseases are the most serious threats to rabbit survival. Rabbits in Australia and New Zealand are considered to be such a pest that land owners are legally obliged to control them.^{[65] [66]}

As food and article of clothing

Saint Jerome in the Desert
[Note rabbit being chased by a domesticated hound]
Taddeo Crivelli (Italian, died about 1479)

Rabbit being prepared in the kitchen
Simulation of daily life, mid-15th century
Hospices de Beaune, France

In some areas, wild rabbits and hares are hunted for their meat, a lean source of high quality poly peptide.^[67] In the wild, such hunting is accomplished with the assist of trained falcons, ferrets, or dogs, also as with snares or other traps, and rifles. A caught rabbit may be dispatched with a sharp blow to the back of its head, a practice from which the term rabbit punch is derived.

Wild leporids comprise a small portion of global rabbit-meat consumption. Domesticated descendants of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that are bred and kept equally livestock (a practice called cuniculture) account for the estimated 200 million tons of rabbit meat produced annually.^[68] Approximately 1.2 billion rabbits are slaughtered each twelvemonth for meat worldwide.^[69] In 1994, the countries with the highest consumption per capita of rabbit meat were Malta with 8.89 kg (19 lb ten oz), Italy with five.71 kg (12 lb 9 oz), and Cyprus with iv.37 kg (ix lb 10 oz), falling to 0.03 kg (1 oz) in Nihon. The figure for the U.s. was 0.14 kg (5 oz) per capita. The largest producers of rabbit meat in 1994 were China, Russia, Italy, French republic, and Spain.^[lxx] Rabbit meat was in one case a common commodity in Sydney, Australia, but declined after the myxomatosis virus was intentionally introduced to control the exploding population of feral rabbits in the area.

In the United Kingdom, fresh rabbit is sold in butcher shops and markets, and some supermarkets sell frozen rabbit meat. At farmers markets there, including the famous Borough Market in London, rabbit carcasses are sometimes displayed hanging, unbutchered (in the traditional manner), next to braces of pheasant or other modest game. Rabbit meat is a feature of Moroccan cuisine, where it is cooked in a tajine with "raisins and grilled almonds added a few minutes earlier serving".^[71] In Cathay, rabbit meat is specially popular in Sichuan cuisine, with its stewed rabbit, spicy diced rabbit, BBQ-style rabbit, and fifty-fifty spicy rabbit heads, which have been compared to spicy duck cervix.^[68] Rabbit meat is comparatively unpopular elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific.

An extremely rare infection associated with rabbits-as-food is tularemia (also known equally rabbit fever), which may be contracted from an infected rabbit.^[72] Hunters are at higher run a risk for tularemia because of the potential for inhaling the bacteria during the skinning procedure.

In addition to their meat, rabbits are used for their wool, fur, and pelts, also as their nitrogen-rich manure and their high-poly peptide milk.^[73] Production industries have developed domesticated rabbit breeds (such equally the well-known Angora rabbit) to efficiently fill these needs.

In fine art, literature, and culture

Rabbits are ofttimes used every bit a symbol of fertility or rebirth, and take long been associated with spring and Easter as the Easter Bunny. The species' role as a casualty animal with few defenses evokes vulnerability and innocence, and in folklore and mod children's stories, rabbits often appear every bit sympathetic characters, able to connect easily with youth of all kinds (for example, the Velveteen Rabbit, or Thumper in Bambi).

With its reputation as a prolific breeder, the rabbit juxtaposes sexuality with innocence, as in the Playboy Bunny. The rabbit (every bit a swift casualty animate being) is as well known for its speed, agility, and endurance, symbolized (for example) by the marketing icons the Analeptic Bunny and the Duracell Bunny.

Folklore

The rabbit often appears in folklore every bit the trickster archetype, as he uses his cunning to outwit his enemies.

"Rabbit fools Elephant past showing the reflection of the moon".
Illustration (from 1354) of the Panchatantra

• In Aztec mythology, a pantheon of four hundred rabbit gods known every bit Centzon Totochtin, led by Ometochtli or Two Rabbit, represented fertility, parties, and drunkenness.
• In Cardinal Africa, the common hare (Kalulu), is "inevitably described" as a trickster figure.^[74]
• In Chinese folklore, rabbits accompany Chang'due east on the Moon. In the Chinese New Year, the zodiacal rabbit is one of the twelve celestial animals in the Chinese zodiac. Annotation that the Vietnamese zodiac includes a zodiacal cat in place of the rabbit, possibly because rabbits did not inhabit Vietnam.^{[ citation needed ]} The most common caption is that the ancient Vietnamese word for "rabbit" (mao) sounds like the Chinese word for "cat" (卯, mao).^[75]
• In Japanese tradition, rabbits live on the Moon where they make mochi, the popular snack of mashed sticky rice. This comes from interpreting the pattern of nighttime patches on the moon as a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left pounding on an usu, a Japanese mortar.
• In Jewish folklore, rabbits (shfanim שפנים) are associated with cowardice, a usage even so current in contemporary Israeli spoken Hebrew (similar to the English colloquial use of "chicken" to denote cowardice).
• In Korean mythology, as in Japanese, rabbits live on the moon making rice cakes ("Tteok" in Korean).
• In Anishinaabe traditional behavior, held by the Ojibwe and another Native American peoples, Nanabozho, or Great Rabbit, is an of import deity related to the creation of the earth.
• A Vietnamese mythological story portrays the rabbit of innocence and youthfulness. The Gods of the myth are shown to exist hunting and killing rabbits to show off their power.
• Buddhism, Christianity, and Judaism have associations with an aboriginal circular motif called the three rabbits (or "three hares"). Its meaning ranges from "peace and repose", to purity or the Holy Trinity, to Kabbalistic levels of the soul or to the Jewish diaspora. The tripartite symbol too appears in heraldry and even tattoos.

The rabbit as trickster is a part of American popular culture, as Br'er Rabbit (from African-American folktales and, subsequently, Disney animation) and Bugs Bunny (the cartoon graphic symbol from Warner Bros.), for example.

Anthropomorphized rabbits have appeared in film and literature, in Alice'southward Adventures in Wonderland (the White Rabbit and the March Hare characters), in Watership Down (including the film and goggle box adaptations), in Rabbit Hill (past Robert Lawson), and in the Peter Rabbit stories (by Beatrix Potter). In the 1920s, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, was a popular cartoon character.

WWII USAF pilot D. R. Emerson
"flys with a rabbit's pes talisman,
a gift from a New York girl friend"

A rabbit's foot may exist carried as an amulet, believed to bring protection and practiced luck. This conventionalities is institute in many parts of the earth, with the earliest use being recorded in Europe c. 600 BC.^[76]

On the Island of Portland in Dorset, United kingdom, the rabbit is said to be unlucky and even speaking the animate being'southward name can cause upset amidst older island residents. This is thought to date back to early on times in the local quarrying industry where (to save infinite) extracted stones that were not fit for sale were set bated in what became alpine, unstable walls. The local rabbits' tendency to burrow in that location would weaken the walls and their collapse resulted in injuries or even expiry. Thus, invoking the name of the culprit became an unlucky act to be avoided. In the local culture to this day, the rabbit (when he has to be referred to) may instead exist called a "long ears" or "surreptitious mutton", so as non to risk bringing a downfall upon oneself. While it was true l years agone^{[ when? ]} that a pub on the island could exist emptied by calling out the word "rabbit", this has become more fable than fact in modern times.^{[ commendation needed ]}

In other parts of Britain and in North America, invoking the rabbit'southward proper name may instead bring good luck. "Rabbit rabbit rabbit" is one variant of an apotropaic or talismanic superstition that involves saying or repeating the discussion "rabbit" (or "rabbits" or "white rabbits" or some combination thereof) out loud upon waking on the first 24-hour interval of each month, because doing so will ensure practiced fortune for the elapsing of that month.

The "rabbit test" is a term, first used in 1949, for the Friedman examination, an early diagnostic tool for detecting a pregnancy in humans. It is a common misconception (or perhaps an urban legend) that the exam-rabbit would dice if the woman was meaning. This led to the phrase "the rabbit died" becoming a euphemism for a positive pregnancy examination.

See also

• Animal runway
• Cuniculture
• Dwarf rabbit
• Hare games
• Jackalope
• List of animal names
• List of rabbit breeds
• Lop rabbit
• Rabbits in the arts
• Rabbit show jumping

References

Notes

1. ^ This genus is considered a hare, not a rabbit

Citations

1. ^ "Data export". DAD-IS (Domestic Animal Diversity Information Organization). FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the Un). 21 November 2017. Retrieved xxx March 2018.
2. ^ "coney". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 2 March 2018.
3. ^ "The Collective Noun Page". Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
4. ^ McClure, DVM PhD DACLAM, Diane (2018). "Convenance and Reproduction of Rabbits". Merck Veterinary Manual. Archived from the original on 6 Jan 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
5. ^ "Mutual Questions: What Do You Telephone call a Group of...?". archived copy of Animal Congregations, or What Practise You Call a Group of.....?. U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wild fauna Research Center. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
6. ^ "rabbit". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved xv July 2021.
7. ^ Brownish, Louise (2001). How to Care for Your Rabbit. Kingdom Books. p. 6. ISBN978-1-85279-167-4.
8. ^ Katherine Quesenberry & James W. Carpenter, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery (tertiary ed. 2011).
9. ^ d'Ovidio, Dario; Pierantoni, Ludovica; Noviello, Emilio; Pirrone, Federica (September 2016). "Sex differences in human-directed social behavior in pet rabbits". Journal of Veterinarian Behavior. xv: 37–42. doi:ten.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.072.
10. ^ van Praag, Esther (2005). "Deformed claws in a rabbit, later traumatic fractures" (PDF). MediRabbit.
11. ^ ^{a b c} "rabbit". Encyclopædia Britannica (Standard ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007.
12. ^ "What do Rabbits See?". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
13. ^ Bensley, Benjamin Arthur (1910). Applied anatomy of the rabbit. The University Press. p. one. rabbit skeletal beefcake.
14. ^ "Description and Physical Characteristics of Rabbits - All Other Pets - Merck Veterinarian Transmission". Merck Veterinary Manual . Retrieved 11 May 2018.
15. ^ D.A.B.V.P., Margaret A. Wissman, D.Five.M. "Rabbit Beefcake". exoticpetvet.internet . Retrieved xi May 2018.
16. ^ Susan., Lumpkin (2011). Rabbits : the animal reply guide. Seidensticker, John. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Printing. ISBN9781421401263. OCLC 794700391.
17. ^ Geiser, Max; Trueta, Joseph (May 1958). "Muscle action, os rarefaction and bone formation". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. xl-B (2): 282–311. doi:ten.1302/0301-620X.40B2.282. PMID 13539115.
18. ^ Lieber, Richard L.; Blevins, Field T. (Jan 1989). "Skeletal musculus architecture of the rabbit hindlimb: Functional implications of muscle blueprint". Journal of Morphology. 199 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051990108. PMID 2921772. S2CID 25344889.
19. ^ Hall, E. Raymond (2001). The Mammals of North America. The Blackburn Press. ISBN978-1930665354.
20. ^ Bensley, Benjamin Arthur (1910). Practical beefcake of the rabbit. The University Printing.
21. ^ Meyer, D. Fifty. (1971). "Single Unit Responses of Rabbit Ear-Muscles to Postural and Accelerative Stimulation". Experimental Brain Research. 14 (2): 118–26. doi:ten.1007/BF00234795. PMID 5016586. S2CID 6466476.
22. ^ Capello, Vittorio (2006). "Lateral Ear Canal Resection and Ablation in Pet Rabbits" (PDF). The North American Veterinary Briefing. 20: 1711–1713.
23. ^ Vella, David (2012). Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. Elsevier. ISBN978-1-4160-6621-7.
24. ^ ^{a b c} Parsons, Paige Chiliad. (2018). "Rabbit Ears: A Structural Look: ...injury or disease, tin send your rabbit into a spin". Business firm Rabbit Society.
25. ^ Romanovsky, A. A. (March 2014). "Skin temperature: its office in thermoregulation". Acta Physiologica. 210 (3): 498–507. doi:ten.1111/apha.12231. PMC4159593. PMID 24716231.
26. ^ Vella, David (2012). Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical, Medicine, and Surgery. Elsevier. ISBN9781416066217. ^{[ folio needed ]}
27. ^ Fayez, I; Marai, M; Alnaimy, A; Habeeb, One thousand (1994). "Thermoregulation in rabbits". In Baselga, M; Marai, I.F.M. (eds.). Rabbit production in hot climates. Zaragoza: CIHEAM. pp. 33–41.
28. ^ ^{a b c d eastward} Johnson-Delaney, Cathy A.; Orosz, Susan Eastward. (2011). "Rabbit Respiratory System: Clinical Anatomy, Physiology and Disease". Veterinary Clinics of Northward America: Exotic Fauna Exercise. 14 (2): 257–266. doi:x.1016/j.cvex.2011.03.002. PMID 21601814.
29. ^ ^{a b c d} Smith, David G. (2019). A dissection guide & atlas to the rabbit. ISBN978-1617319372. OCLC 1084742187.
30. ^ ^{a b c} Jekl, Vladimi (2012). "Approach to Rabbit Respiratory Illness". WSAVA/FECAVA/BSAVA Earth Congress. Equally obligate nasal breathers, rabbits with upper airway disease will attempt to breathe through their mouths, which prevents feeding and drinking and could exist quickly fatal.
31. ^ ^{a b} Autifi, Mohamed Abdul Haye; El-Banna, Ahmed Kamal; Ebaid, Ashraf El- Sayed (2015). "Morphological Study of Rabbit Lung, Bronchial Tree, and Pulmonary Vessels Using Corrosion Bandage Technique". Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Periodical. 13 (3): 41–51.
32. ^ "Rabbits: The Mystery of Poop". bio.miami.edu . Retrieved 3 December 2018.
33. ^ "Information for Rabbit Owners — Oak Tree Veterinarian Eye". Oaktreevet.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
34. ^ "Feeding the Pet Rabbit"
35. ^ Dr. Byron de la Navarre'south "Care of Rabbits" Susan A. Brown, DVM'south "Overview of Common Rabbit Diseases: Diseases Related to Nutrition"
36. ^ The Private Life of the Rabbit, R. M. Lockley, 1964. Chapter ten.
37. ^ Bernard Eastward. Rollin (13 March 1995). The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Enquiry: Care, Husbandry, and Well-Being-An Overview by Species, Book 2. CRC Printing. p. 359. ISBN9780849349829.
38. ^ Karr-Lilienthal, Phd (University of Nebraska - Lincoln), Lisa (4 November 2011). "The Digestive System of the Rabbit". eXtension (a Role of the Cooperative Extension Service). Archived from the original on vi January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
39. ^ "Living with a House Rabbit". Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
40. ^ ^{a b c d} Foote, Robert H; Carney, Edward W (2000). "The rabbit as a model for reproductive and developmental toxicity studies". Reproductive Toxicology. xiv (6): 477–493. doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(00)00101-5. ISSN 0890-6238. PMID 11099874.
41. ^ ^{a b c d east} "Rabbit Reproduction Basics". LafeberVet. 5 May 2014. Retrieved half dozen May 2019.
42. ^ Weisbroth, Steven H.; Flatt, Ronald Eastward.; Kraus, Alan L. (1974). The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-11681-9. ISBN9780127421506.
43. ^ "Understanding the Mating Process for Breeding Rabbits". florida4h.org . Retrieved 12 April 2019.
44. ^ Jilge, B (1991). "The rabbit: a diurnal or a nocturnal animate being?". Periodical of Experimental Animal Science. 34 (5–6): 170–183. PMID 1814463.
45. ^ "40 Winks?" Jennifer S. Holland, National Geographic Vol. 220, No. 1. July 2011.
46. ^ Wright, Samantha (2011). For The Love of Parsley. A Guide To Your Rabbit's Most Common Behaviours. Lulu. pp. 35–36. ISBN978-1-4467-9111-0.
47. ^ Cooke, Brian Douglas (2014). Australia's State of war Confronting Rabbits. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN978-0-643-09612-7. Archived from the original on 7 June 2014.
48. ^ Woods, Maggie. "Parasites of Rabbits". Chicago Exotics, PC. Archived from the original on two March 2013. Retrieved 8 Apr 2013.
49. ^ Boschert, Ken. "Internal Parasites of Rabbits". Net Vet. Archived from the original on 2 Apr 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
50. ^ Krempels, Dana. "GastroIntestinal Stasis, The Silent Killer". Department of Biological science at the Academy of Miami. Archived from the original on nineteen June 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
51. ^ "Rabies: Other Wild animals". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. xv Nov 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved xx December 2012.
52. ^ ^{a b c} Weber, Justus; Peng, Haiyong; Rader, Christoph (2017). "From rabbit antibody repertoires to rabbit monoclonal antibodies". Experimental. Nature Portfolio. 49 (3): e305–e305. doi:10.1038/emm.2017.23. ISSN 2092-6413.
53. ^ ^{a b c d e} Pinheiro, Ana; Neves, Fabiana; Lemos de Matos, Ana; Abrantes, Joana; van der Loo, Wessel; Mage, Rose; Esteves, Pedro José (23 September 2015). "An overview of the lagomorph immune system and its genetic multifariousness". Immunogenetics. Springer. 68 (2): 83–107. doi:10.1007/s00251-015-0868-viii. ISSN 0093-7711.
54. ^ ^{a b c} Mage, Rose G.; Lanning, Dennis; Knight, Katherine L. (2006). "B cell and antibiotic repertoire development in rabbits: The requirement of gut-associated lymphoid tissues". Developmental & Comparative Immunology. Elsevier. 30 (one–2): 137–153. doi:x.1016/j.dci.2005.06.017. ISSN 0145-305X.
55. ^ ^{a b c} Conrath, Thou.E.; Wernery, U.; Muyldermans, S.; Nguyen, 5.K. (2003). "Emergence and evolution of functional heavy-concatenation antibodies in Camelidae". Developmental & Comparative Immunology. Elsevier. 27 (two): 87–103. doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00071-10. ISSN 0145-305X.
56. ^ ^{a b c} Davis, Mark M. (1985). "Molecular Genetics of the T Prison cell-Receptor Beta Chain". Annual Review of Immunology. Annual Reviews. iii (1): 537–560. doi:x.1146/annurev.iy.03.040185.002541. ISSN 0732-0582.
57. ^ Fedriani, J. Thousand.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (1999). "Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores" (PDF). Oecologia. 121 (one): 138–148. Bibcode:1999Oecol.121..138F. CiteSeerXx.1.1.587.7215. doi:10.1007/s004420050915. JSTOR 4222449. PMID 28307883. S2CID 39202154. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.
58. ^ Tynes, Valarie 5. Behavior of Exotic Pets Archived vi May 2016 at the Wayback Car. Wiley Blackwell, 2010, p. 70.
59. ^ Davis, Susan E. and DeMello, Margo Stories Rabbits Tell: A Natural And Cultural History of A Misunderstood Animate being Archived six May 2016 at the Wayback Automobile. Lantern Books, 2003, p. 27.
60. ^ Glenday, Craig (2013). Guinness Earth Records 2014. pp. 043. ISBN978-1-908843-xv-9.
61. ^ Cottontail rabbit at Indiana Section of Natural Resources Archived 17 Nov 2016 at the Wayback Motorcar
62. ^ ^{a b c} "Rabbit Habitats". Archived from the original on 4 Baronial 2009. Retrieved seven July 2009.
63. ^ Beischer, DE; Fregly, AR (1962). "Animals and homo in infinite. A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960". U.s.a. Naval School of Aviation Medicine. ONR TR ACR-64 (AD0272581). Archived from the original on eleven August 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
64. ^ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Agronomics and Food Sectionalisation; Pest and Affliction Information Service (PaDIS). "Rabbit control: fumigation". agric.wa.gov.au. Authorities of Western Australia. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
65. ^ "Feral animals in Commonwealth of australia — Invasive species". Environment.gov.au. 1 Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
66. ^ "Rabbits — The role of regime — Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". Teara.govt.nz. i March 2009. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved thirty August 2010.
67. ^ "Rabbit: From Farm to Tabular array". Archived from the original on five July 2008.
68. ^ ^{a b} Olivia Geng, French Rabbit Heads: The Newest Delicacy in Chinese Cuisine Archived 14 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal Weblog, xiii June 2014
69. ^ "FAOSTAT". FAO . Retrieved 25 October 2019.
70. ^ FAO - The Rabbit - Husbandry, health and production. Archived 23 Apr 2015 at the Wayback Machine
71. ^ 'Traditional Moroccan Cooking, Recipes from Fez', by Madame Guinadeau. (Serif, London, 2003). ISBN 1-897959-43-5.
72. ^ "Tularemia (Rabbit fever)". Health.utah.gov. 16 June 2003. Archived from the original on 26 May 2010. Retrieved xxx August 2010.
73. ^ Houdebine, Louis-Marie; Fan, Jianglin (one June 2009). Rabbit Biotechnology: Rabbit Genomics, Transgenesis, Cloning and Models. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社. pp. 68–72. ISBN978-90-481-2226-4. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 26 Feb 2018.
74. ^ Brian Morris, The Power of Animals: An Ethnography, p. 177 (2000).
75. ^ "Twelvemonth of the True cat OR Year of the Rabbit?". nwasianweekly.com. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
76. ^ Ellis, Nib (one January 2004). Friction match Ascending: The Occult in Sociology and Popular Culture. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN978-0813122892.

Farther reading

• Windling, Terri. The Symbolism of Rabbits and Hares ^[Usurped!]

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rabbits.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Rabbit .

• American Rabbit Breeders Association organization, which promotes all phases of rabbit keeping
• House Rabbit Social club an activist organisation that promotes keeping rabbits indoors

switzersist1991.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit

Share this post